Pencader Hundred History

Source:  Scharf, Thomas J., History of Delaware, 1609-1888, Volume Two- pp. 854-880.

CHAPTER XLVIII.
PENCADER HUNDRED.

THIS hundred is a long, narrow strip of land on the Maryland line, and
is bounded on the north, east and south by the hundreds of White Clay
Creek, New Castle, Red Lyon and St. George's. It is the only division
of New Castle County that is not confined within natural boundaries.
The greater part of the Welsh tract and a small portion of what in
early days was known as St. Augustine Manor comprise the territory of
Pencader. The early Welsh families settled in this hundred, principally
around Iron Hill. This being a hill of considerable elevation, gave
rise to the name Pencader, which is a Welsh term and signifies “the
highest seat.” The larger portion of the land is in a state of
cultivation, and the remainder, chiefly in the vicinity of Iron and
Chestnut Hills, is well wooded. The soil is a red loam with a clay
sub-soil, and yields well. The land is watered by several small streams
which flow through it.

In 1801 surveys for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal were
made and a route was selected. It passed near Glasgow, where a large
reservoir covering one hundred acres of land was commenced, but
discontinued in 1803 for want of funds. The feeder was from Big Elk
Creek to the reservoir, and $100,000 were spent upon its construction.
Several arches then built are still standing (1888). In 1828 a new
route for the canal, passing through the southern part of the hundred,
was selected. The bed of St. George's Creek was used as the channel.
The canal was completed in 1829.

The southern part of Pencader is land that in 1671 was granted
by Lord Baltimore to Augustine HERMAN, and was part of what was known
as St. Augustine Manor, and embraced land from the Delaware, between
Appoquinimink and St. George's Creek, westward to Bohemia Manor. This
land, however, was in dispute, and Governor Lovelace protested against
the usurpation of Herman and others, in taking up this land. The land
west of the Delaware State line retained the name.

The Welsh tract is a large tract of land, the greater part of
which is in Pencader Hundred, and the remainder in Cecil County,
Maryland. Settlers were upon the land in 1684, and were driven off by
George TALBOT, the Governor of Maryland, who claimed the land as within
his territory. An instance of Talbot's proceedings was furnished to the
Council at Philadelphia in a letter from Samuel LAND of New Castle,
dated May 30th. He acquainted them that the colonel had visited the
houses of Jonas ERSKINE, Andrew TILLE and a widow named OGLE, all
residing near New Castle; and, accompanied by three musketeers, to add
force to his demands, had informed them that unless they would
acknowledge Lord Baltimore as their proprietor within three weeks, and
pay their rents to him in the future, they would be dispossessed of
their land and turned out of their homes. The testimony of Joseph BOWLE
before the Council, recounting his experience with Talbot, gives a
vivid idea of the extent to which the abuses were carried. Bowle, who
lived at Iron Hill, about eight miles distant from New Castle, attested
that “Colonel Talbot ridd up to my house and was ready to ride over me,
and said, 'Dam you, you Dogg, whom do you seat under here, you dogg!
You seat under noe body; you have noe Warrant from Penn nor my Lord;
therefore gett you gone or Else I'le sent you to St. Murry's (St.
Mary's), and I being frighted, says he, 'you Brazen-faced, Impudent,
Confident Dogg, I'l Sharten (shorten) Penn's Territories by and by.'

The distinguishing feature of the tract is Iron Hill, which
was known by that name in 1661, and is mentioned in a letter from
Vice-Director Alexander D. HINIJOSSA, May 15th, as being the place
where four Englishmen were murdered by the Indians in April preceding.
It is evident that iron ore was then known to be at the place in
considerable quantity; hence the name.

William DAVIS, David EVANS and William WILLIS petitioned Penn
for a tract of 30,000 acres, the land to be divided divided and deeded
to settlers from South Wales, some of whom had at that time settled in
Radnor Township, Chester Co., PA. The petition was granted October 15,
1701, This tract was ever after known at the Welsh Tract. The grant
stated that they were to have “thirty thousand acres if there be so
much vacant in the place hereafter expressed; that is to say, behind
the town of New Castle westward, extending northward and southward,
beginning to the westward seven miles from the said town of New Castle,
and extending upward and downward as there shall be found room by
regular strait lines as near as may be.” A few settlers were upon the
tract at the time of purchase and had made some improvements, but
without any show of title; they were soon dispossessed and the Welsh
immediately after survey began to locate upon the land. Soon after the
survey was completed, John WELCH selected 561 acres, and a little later
530 acres. Of the latter, he sold 500 acres, August 17, 1727, to Thomas
LEWIS. Another part of this land was sold to James SYKES, and by his
executors 281 3/4 acres was conveyed to Robert FARIES on February 16,
1730. Robert Faries was a native of Ireland, who came to this country
and purchased land in Red Lyon Hundred. After his death in 1749, the
above-mentioned tract was inherited by his son William. In the
following year William Faries purchased from Henry WHITESIDE a tract of
land containing 113 acres. In 1760 he died intestate, leaving two sons
and a daughter,- Jacob, Samuel and Margaret. In 1770 Jacob purchased
his sister's share, and three years later his brother's portion. He
also purchased several other tracts adjoining his land. He died
September 1, 1818, leaving seven surviving children. The property was
next owned by Jacob, Jr., who procured it by descent and purchase. The
next owner was William W., who obtained possession after the decease of
Jacob Faries, Jr. D.B. FERRIS is the present owner of nearly all the
land above mentioned.

One of the first to choose was James JAMES, who selected Iron
Hill and northward to the Christiana Creek, embracing 1244 acres of
land. A deed was granted by Davis, Evans and Willis, June 27, 1702, and
confirmed by Penn February 21, 1703. Thomas James took up 1250 acres by
a deed dated October 8, 1702, and David PRICE 1050 acres, deeded June
5, 1702. John MORGAN took 1030 acres April 22, 1702, and also 1023
acres on the head-waters of Dragon Creek nearly to the boundary of Red
Lyon Hundred, and John THOMAS took 632 acres, March 16, 1702. John
GRIFFITH took up 222 acres, William JONES 1368 acres, and in 1702, 1379
acres. Howel JAMES took up 1040 acres, and Philip JAMES 525 acres the
same year.

Howel JAMES, by his will bearing date August 17, 1717, devised
250 acres to his son, Howel, and 200 acres each to his other sons,
James and Philip. James sold his portion to his brother Philip, May 12,
1735. Philip conveyed 200 acres on which a mill was located, to John
JONES, bolster, of Philadelphia, May 10, 1737, and 210 acres-lying on
the north side of Christiana Creek to Samuel ALLEN, November 8th, of
the same year. Among other things devised by Howel James, Sr., to his
wife, was an annuity of ten pounds to be paid out of his mills and
plantation. Some difficulty arose concerning this, and Alexander
HAMILTON was consulted. His opinion was as follows:

“I am of opinion that the devise by Howell James of ten Pounds
to his wife Phebe, to be layed out of his mills and plantation in such
proportion as in the said Will hereunto annexed is directed, and to be
paid yearly, is a good devise to Phebe for her life. But she cannot
arrest the possessor of the mills or Land for the money, the same being
a charge against the Estate and not against the person of the heir or
possessor of the mills and Land.

“A. HAMILTON. “Philadelphia, March 13, 1726.”

John WATKINS and many others selected lands from the Welsh
tract. One hundred and sixty-seven acres of the land of John Watkins
passed to David WILLIAMS, August 6, 1736; Thomas JOHNS, on November 10,
1729, bought 1156 acres; Philip JAMES sold to Francis LAND, January 6,
1729, 400 acres on the southeast side of Iron Hill; David EVANS,
November 15, 1723, sold to John EDWARDS 450 acres in two tracts, and
the next day 300 acres to William REES. Before 1736 David EVANS removed
to Cape Fear, North Carolina. In a deed to his son Samuel, dated April
10, 1736, he conveyed to him 200 acres, “whereon I have lived, formerly
of Pencader, now of Cape Fear, North Carolina.” April 21, 1738, Solomon
and David EVANS unite in conveying 594 acres of land to Thomas EVANS,
the 200 acres formerly conveyed to Solomon being part of the original
tract. A part of the James JAMES land came to his son Samuel by deed of
gift, June 3, 1723, on which soon after he built a forge, and, by his
success and the fact of there being plenty of ore near at hand,
interested the leading iron-masters of Pennsylvania to the locality to
such an extent that on October 15, 1725, an octopartite agreement was
drawn up and signed by Samuel JAMES, millwright; Rees JONES, tanner, of
Pencader; Samuel NUTT, of Chester County, ironmonger; Evan OWEN and
William BRANSON, merchants, both of Philadelphia; Thomas and John
RUTTER, smiths, also of Philadelphia; and Caspar WISTAR, brass-button
maker, also of the same city. These men formed a company, each holding
an eighth interest, for the purpose of erecting a furnace to be known
as the “ABBINGTON FURNACE,” and to purchase lands in connection with it
for the use of the furnace. They made arrangements for the purchase of
over 1000 acres of land in the vicinity, and on one acre and
three-quarters of it on the bank of Christiana Creek, which was
purchased of Samuel James, and conveyed by deed to Evan Owen and
William Branson, on May 28, 1726, they erected the furnace and a forge,
which were called “ABBINGTON IRON WORKS.” At the time the deed for the
furnace lot was made out, the eighth parts had been divided into
sixteenths, and John LEACOCK, William FISHBOURN, Edward BRADLEYand
William MONINGTON were partners in interest in the Iron Works Company.

On October 21, 1727, Gabriel GOULDNEY, of Bristol, England,
became the purchaser of one-sixteenth interest, and from the deed of
conveyance made at that time, the above-recited facts are obtained. It
is not ascertained how long the works were maintained by the company,
but probably not for many years. It was continued by Samuel JAMES until
1734, when upon a judgment obtained against him in the February term of
court of that year, his property was ordered to be seized and sold. The
sale was made by Henry NEWTON, sheriff of New Castle County, September
18, 1735, to Abraham TAYLOR and John WHITE the owners of the judgment.
The property is then mentioned as “THE FORGE” commonly called Samuel
JAMES', with all the tools and utensils of the same, a lot of
blacksmith tools, and also the one-eighth interest in the “furnace
commonly called or known by the name of the Samuel James or the
Abbington Iron Works,” together with the eighth part of land, tenements
and appurtenances belonging to the furnace. It does not appear that the
forge or furnace was continued by the purchasing parties, but it is
still mentioned as such when sold by the sheriff January 4, 1768, to
Andrew FISHER, miller. The land on which the furnace was situated is
now (1888) owned by William McCONAUGHEY. A part of the old wall and a
heap of cinders on land now owned by COOCH Bros. marks the site of the
old forge.

A short time after purchasing this property FISHER erected
thereon a grist-mill and a saw-mill. This, after his death in 1804,
passed into the hands of his sons, John and Samuel. The mill property
and 45 acres of land was sold August 19, 1808, to Thomas BRADLEY, and
May 23, 1810, to Alexander FORESTER. In both of these cases the
property came back to the grantors, and in 1815 vested solely in John
Fisher. On the 11th of April of the same year he conveyed this estate
to Jacob TYSON. Since that period the mills have been successively
owned by William SHAKESPEARE, Azariah SMITH, Thomas BRADLEY, and Joel
P. WOODWARD. In 1863 the overshot wheel was replaced with iron wheels,
the old saw-mill torn down, and a department for sawing arranged in the
space formerly occupied by the overshot wheel. The gristmill was a
two-and-a-half-story building, forty by sixty feet, with a capacity of
twenty-five barrels per day. The capacity of the saw-mill was 200,000
feet of lumber per year. In July, 1883, the mill was burned and it has
never been rebuilt.

Among the settlers in Pencader in the vicinity of Iron Hill,
from 1709 to 1720, are found the following names: John DEVONALT, Lewis
PHILLIPS, Philip TRUEAX, David MILES, Rees DAVID, Thomas EVANS, Thomas
EDMUND, Arthur EDWARD, John PHILLIPS. Thomas MORRIS, Jenkins JONES,
John BOULTON, Richard EDWARD, John GRIFFITH, Hugh EVAN, David LEWIS,
Samuel EVAN, Hugh DAVID, Anthony MATHEW, Simon MATHEW, Simon BUTLER,
Arthur MELCHOIR, George EATON, Elias THOMAS, Thomas EVAN Philip REES,
John BENTLEY, David JOHN, Richard LEWIS, Benjamin GRIFFITH, Emlin
DAVID, John MILLER, John JONES, Richard WITTEN, Griffith THOMAS, David
DAVIS, Thomas RICHARD, Cornelius VANSANT, and Richard HERBERT. These
formed the nucleus of the WELSH TRACT BAPTIST CHURCH, and many of them,
after residing here a few years, moved to other places for the purpose
of founding new churches.

Rev. Morgan EDWARDS, author of the “Materials towards a
history of the Baptists in Delaware State,” was born May 9, 1822, in
the parish of Trevethin, Monmouthshire, Wales. He obtained his early
education in Wales, and was a student at the Bristol Academy, under the
celebrated Dr. Bernard FOSKETT. In 1738 he became a member of the
Baptist Church, and nineteen years later was ordained a minister of
that church in Ireland, where he remained for nine years. Upon the
recommendation of John HILL D.D., he was called to the pastorate of the
Baptist Church of Philadelphia, where he arrived May 23, 1761. In 1771
he resigned, and moved to Pencader Hundred, Delaware, where he resided
until his death, January 28, 1795.

In 1736, Samuel KERR came from Scotland, and purchased two
hundred acres of the Welsh Tract from Rees JONES. He resided there
until his death, when the premises came into the possession of his son,
Andrew, who devised them to his son, Andrew. The premises, with a few
changes made by purchase or sale, are now owned by George G. Kerr,
whose residence and adjoining property is in White Clay Creek Hundred.

Thomas COOCH came from England and, in 1746, purchased a tract
of land in Pencader, containing two hundred acres, being a part of the
land warranted to William JAMES. He resided in this hundred, and
purchased other lands in the vicinity of the tract above-mentioned. On
the 8th of July, 1776, there was resurveyed to him to hundred and
twenty-nine acres on a warrant of resurvey granted June 5, 1776. In
September of the same year, while the BRITISH were in this neighborhood
just previous to the skirmish (the battle of Cooch's bridge) , they had
their headquarters on land of Thomas Cooch, at the present site of J.
Wilkins Cooch's residence. During this skirmish the mill on these
premises was burned by the British.

At the time of his death, in 1791, Mr. Cooch was the owner of
eight hundred and fifty acres and one hundred and forty-two perches of
land in the Welsh Tract. This property was divided among his heirs, and
the larger part of it has descended and is now (1888) in the possession
of William and J. Wilkins Cooch. The old forge, erected in connection
with the “Abbington Iron Works,” is on land owned by them.* Among the
papers of Thomas Cooch was found an assessment list of Pencader
Hundred, with the amount of tax paid by each person. The assessment was
made by Thos. JAMES, and contained the following names and amounts:

£
Richard Thomas22
John Wattson18
Thomas Cooch22
David John18
Daniel Howells12
David Rees8
David John (smith)8
John Williams12
Nathaniel Williams22
John David (cooper)10
Rachel Griffith (widow)8
John Elder10
John Porter10
James Read12
William Moore8
David Davies8
David Barr20
David Hutton10
John Lattimore8
John Mitchell12
James Pierson8
John Thomas15
Enoch Morgan10
Daniel Oborn16
John Steel14
John Griffith8
Thomas Wilson10
Thomas Rees10
James Anderson20
Philip Grimes10
James Grimes8
William Williams10
Robert Stewart10
John Hill8
Jane David (widow)8
Alexander Faires12
Robert Jonson8
Simon James22
Thomas James, Jr.8
Mary Evans (widow)8
John Henderson10
Benjamin Underwood14
Alexander Porter10
John Crafford8
William Faires, Jr15
Richard Griffith20
John Davies16
David Evans10
John McWhorter10
John Fairis12
Denis David (widow)10
Moris Morgan10
Thomas Williams20
David Thomas10
Benjamin Evans8
Joseph Moore8
John Griffith10
Thomas Lewis14
Howel Williams14
John Miller14
Francis Alexander8
William Fairis10
Thomas James22
James Jones18
Nathaniel Evans22
William Addear10
Hugh Haughey8
Joseph Thomas18
Thomas Thomas16
John Evans8
Henry Rowland10
David Rowland8
David Howels14
James McSparence8
John Brown (weaver)8
James Brefford8
Daniel Griffith8
Thomas Wattson8
Joseph Holland8
Joseph Oborn8
Rees Jones's estate12
Ezekiel Deniston8
Morris Evans8
Thomas Coleman8
David James8
James Fairis8
Jonathan John8
William Lewelin8
Darby McDade8
Mickel Law8
Samuel Eakins8
Edward Gin8
John Brown8
Adam Barr8
Andrew Boyde10
John Stewart8
Hugh Stewart8
Tobyas Burk8
David Thomas (batchiler)10
Daniel Jones18
John Gofforth8
Morgan Jones10
Jenet Davies (widow)8
John Ladly8
Sidney Jonson8
John Stewart8
William Read8
Hugh Stewart8
Jeremiah Ryne8
William Quigley8
Jacob John8
William McMechan8
William Price8
James Price8
John Ladly8
David Anderson8
John Carney8
Alexander Robinson8
William Wilson8
Morris Williams10
David John8

£1094

*This land, and money for its preservation, was granted, in 2003, to the
State or Delaware by the Cooch family.

The population steadily increased, and in 1798 the following names were
on the assessment list as taxables:

Arch. Abererombie.William Adair’s est. Daniel
J. Adams est.
George Adams.Matthew Aiken, Esq. Eleanor Alexander.
James Alexander.Jacob Allen.
Charles Allen’s est.
Robert Allen.Samuel Allen. Andrew Allison.
John Anderson.Sarah Armitage’s est.
Robert Armstrong’s est.
Nicholas Ash.Stephen Augustus David Austin.
James Austin.Isaac Bailey. James Baker.
Benj. Barvard’s est.Henry Bassett.
Zebulon Basten.
James Beard.John L. Beard’s est. Jacob
Below’s est.
Nicholas Belveal.Bouldin Biddle. Stephen Biddle.
Samuel Biddle.Joseph Blacke. Margaret Black.
William BlackGeorge Blaney. John
Bogg’s est.
Jonathan Booth’s est.Richard Boulden.
Elijah Boulden’s est.
Elisha Boulden.James Boulden, Sr. James Boulden, Jr.
Jesse Boulden.Levi Boulden. Nathan Boulden.
Thos. Boulden, Jr.Thomas Boulden, Sr., est. John Bowen’s
est.
Benjamin Boyd.Thomas Bradley. James Brady.
Samuel Bradey.Isaac Brannon. Benjamin Bratton.
Daniel Brison.Barnabas Brooks. Thomas Bryans.
Stout Buckhanan.William Bunker. John Cambell.
Michael Cambell.Patterson Cantwell. John
Carnan’s est.
Andrew Carr’s est.Andrew Carrey. John
Carter.
Edward Cartey.John Cavender. Alexander Cavenoor.
Jacob Cazier.George Chapman. Wm. Chealy.
Wm. Chealy.Jared Chestnut. William Chestnut
John Cirgin.Edward Cordon. Ann Conn
John Conner.Benjamin Cooch. Daniel Cooch
James Cooche.William Cooch, mills, &c. Patrick Coulter.
Joseph Couthrin.John Cowen. Samuel Cowen.
John Crawford.John Crouch’s est. John
Cruson
John Cuddy.David Culbertson. John Culbertson.
James Curlett.Jean Curlett. Lewis Curlett.
William Curlett.Henry Clark. Wm. Davies.
Elisha David.Joseph David’s est. Joshua
David
Benjamin Davies’ est.David Davies’ est. Ann
Dawson.
Mary Dawson.Zachariah Derrickson. Charles Devin.
Archibald Doughley’s est.Wm. Dunlap. John
Ellis.
Benjamin Elsberry.Frederick Elsberry. John English.
Francis L. Evans.Howell Evans. Joel Evans.
Elizabeth Evans.Jenkin Evans. Isaac
Evans’ est.
Peter Evans’ est.Richard Evans.
Thomas Evans’ est.
Jacob Faries.Jacob Faries, Jr. James Faries.
John Faries.Wm.
Faries. Andrew Fisher,mills, etc.
John Ford.John Freeman. James Gallaher.
Andrew Garretson.Richard Garretson. George Glanton.
Samuel Glenn’s est.Thomas Glenn.
Griffith Griffith’s est.
Benjamin Griffith.James Griffith. John Griffith.
Richard Griffith.Richard Griffith, Jr.
Richard Groves.
Robert Guthrey.Samuel Guthrey. Joseph Hagins.
Wm. Hamilton.Clem Harred.
Alexander Harrison.
Job Harvey’s est.Anna Haughey. Francis
Haughey’s est.
Robert Haughey’s est.Wm. Haughey’s est. Wm. W.
Hazlett.
Thomas Henderson’s est.Wm. Henderson’s est. Wm. Hickey.
David Higgins’ est.Isaac
Hill. Isaac Holland.
John Holland.George Homes. John Homes.
Peter Hossinger.David Howell’s est.
Oliver R. Howell.
Sarah Howell.Benjamin Hugg. Samuel Huggins.
Spencer Hukill.Andrew Hutton John Hutton.
John Hyatt, Esq., est.John
Jack. Benjamin D. Jackson.
Jacob Jackson’s est.John T. Jackson.
Christopher James.
Elisha James.James James’ est. John
James.
Samuel James.Shem James. Tamer James.
William James’ est.Daniel Jeams’ est.
Jacob Jenkins.
Isaiah Johnson.Wm. Johnson.
Enoch Jones’ est.
Evan Jones.Morgan, Jones, mills, &c. James Kanedy
Thos. Kelley.William Kelley Henry Kimble
Benjamin King’s est.James Kinkead.
Jesse Kinkead.
Wm. KinkeadAndrew Knox. John Laws.
Philip Levies’ estMoses Levies’ est.
Joseph Lewis.
Wm. Linsey.Joseph Lockhart John Mason.
Robert McAntier’s est.Alexander McCall. George
McCandless.
Sweesey McCandless’ est.Edward McClelland. Walter
McClelland.
Richard McClureJms. McHellom (McCollom) James McKinsey
Samuel McCombesWm. McCombes Wm. McCommens
John McCormick.Elijah McCreas’ est.
Alexander McDaniel’s est.
Samuel McIntire.David McMecken’s est. James
McMullen.
Thomas McMullen.Robert McMullen. Wm. McMullen.
Neal McNeil.John Meginn.
Alexander Megahey.
Robert MiddletonHance Milier.
Thos. Milier.
Wm. Millegan.Wm. Millegan, Sr Samuel Miller.
Alexander Moody.Robert Moody’s est.
Alexander Moore’s est.
John Moore’s est.Rebecca Moore Thomas
Moore.
Wm. Moore (farmer).Wm.
Moore. Benjamin Morgan’s est.
Wm. MorrisonArchibald Morton. Thomas Morrow.
John MuldrochJohn Mullen. Peter Mullett.
James Murray.Wm. Nielson. Sarah Owens.
James Panteney.John
Parnall. Joseph Patterson.
John Patton.Benjamin Pennington John
Pennington’s est.
Nimrod Pennington.Robert Pennington. Joshua Pensey.
Nathan Persons’ estJohn Porter, mills, etc.
Wm. Porter.
James Powell.Hugh Powers. Wm. Price.
James Price.Sarah
Price. Sarah Price’s est.
Stephen Price.William Price’s est.
James Primos.
Jacob Pritchard.John Pritchett’s est.
Thomas Pritchett.
John Quinn.James Reaper. John Redman.
John Reed’s est.Thomas Reece’s est.
Charles Reily.
Anthony Roab.John Robinson. John
Robinson (miller).
James Robinson.William Robinson. John Rogers.
Aaron Ross, mills, etc.Hugh Russell’s est.
William Ryan.
David SeboWilliam
See. John Shakespear.
Chud Sharp.Samuel Sharpe.
Robert Shields’ est.
Abraham Short’s est.John Simonton’s est.
William Simonton’s est.
Nathaniel Simpes.Uriah Slake.
Francis Smith.
Hugh Smith’s est.James Smith.
Robert Smith.
Robert Smith.Thomas Smith’s est. William
Smith.
James Snow.Dunevan Spencer. Benjamin Stanton.
Stephen Stanton.Benjamin Stewart.
Charles Stewart.
John Stewart.Jacob Stewart. John Sturgis.
John Stuart.John
Tate. John Tate, Jr.
John Tayler.Lettice
Taylor. William Taylor’s est.
David Thomas’ est.John Thomas’ est.
Joseph Thomas.
Quilles Thomas’ est.Richard Thomas’ est.
Thomas Thomas’ est.
William Thomas’ est.Alexander Thomson,
Ephraim Thompson’s est.
James Thompson,Jean Thompson, Sarah
Thompson’s est.
Richard Thompson’s est.David Townsend. Thomas
Townslay.
David Tweedy,Nathan Underwood. Samuel
Underwood’s est.
Solomon Underwood.Alexander Vail. John Vail.
Thomas Vail.Philip Vansandt. Asa Vansandt.
Joseph Waggoner.Alexander Walker’s est. John
Warner.
James Warnocis.David Warnock.
John Watson’s est.
William Watson.James Wattson. Lewis Wattson.
Robert Wattson.Thomas Weir. William Whann.
William Willes.Isaac
Williams. Peter Williams.
Roger Williams.Thomas Williams.
Abraham Willson.
John Willson.Mathew Willson.

SCHOOLS.— In the early history of Pencader the schools were few, and
these chiefly held in private residences. As the population increased,
school buildings were erected, and subscription schools were opened.
Among the early teachers are found the names of Robert PORTER, William
JACKSON, Mr. DEAN and Mr. PIPPIN. The advantages of the scholars were
very limited, and their progress accordingly. On January 27, 1803, an
act was passed to incorporate trustees of “Glasgow Grammar School, in
the County of New Castle.” John HYATT, William COOCH, Jacob FARIS,
Solomon UNDERWOD and Robert MIDDLETON, as trustees, were empowered to
take subscriptions.

William JACKSON was one of the most widely-known
school-teachers in the hundred, and taught many years under the
common-school system. Curtis B. ELLISON was the first public
school-teacher in the southern part of Pencader. The building in which
he taught was an old-fashioned octagonal structure, and was built of
brick.

ROADS.— The early ways of entrance and exit in this hundred
were mere paths. As the number of settlers increased, the roads were
improved and new ones constructed. The earliest roads in Pencader were
the ones extending from New Castle and Christiana to the head of Elk
River, and were constructed as State roads. The former are mentioned in
the chapter on White Clay Creek Hundred, and the latter in the chapter
on Internal Improvements. In 1806 the Levy Court ordered a review to be
made of the road from Glasgow to New Castle, intersecting at Glasgow
the road from that place to Buck's Tavern. On March 8, 1825, three
hundred dollars were appropriated for building a bridge over Shive Run,
near Glasgow, and in February of the next year, two hundred and thirty
nine dollars more were appropriated for closing the account. In 1832 a
bridge was needed over Christiana Creek, near Cooch’s Mill. The
commissioners reported that a stone-fording would answer every purpose,
and in the following March one hundred and fifty dollars were
appropriated for this work.

RELIGIOUS MATTERS.— Welsh Tract Baptist Church,— In June, 1701
Thomas GRIFFITH (“minister”), Griffith NICHOLAS, Evan EDMOND, John
EDWARD, Elisha THOMAS, Enoch MORGAN, Richard DAVID, James DAVID,
Elizabeth GRIFFITH, Lewis EDMOND, Mary JOHN, Mary THOMAS, Elizabeth
GRIFFITH, Jr., Jennet DAVID, Margaret MATHIAS and Jennet MORRIS, having
previously been constituted a church, sailed from Milford, England and
landed at Philadelphia, September 8th. They were advised by their
friends to settle at Pennepek, which advice they followed, and there
remained a year and a half, when they procured land in New Castle
County, from Messrs. EVANS, DAVIS and WILLIE, the grantees of the Welsh
Tract.

While at Pennepek, in 1701/2, the following accessions were
made: Rees RHYDDARCH, Catherine RHYDDARCH, Esther THOMAS, Thomas
MORRIS, Hugh MORRIS, Peter CHAMBERLAIN, Mary CHAMBERLAIN, Mary
CHAMBERLAIN, JR, Mary SORENSEE, Magdalen MORGAN, Henry DAVID, Elizabeth
DAVID, Samuel GRIFFITHS, Richard SUREY /SEREE, Rebecca MARPOLE, John
GRINWATER, Edward EDWARDS, John JAMES, Mary THOMAS, Thomas JOHN, Judith
GRIFFITH and Mary JOHN, JR., and Thomas THOMAS.

In 1703 they removed to the land purchased by them in Pencader
Hundred, and built a meeting-house on the site of the present church.
In the same year the membership was increased by the addition of Thomas
JOHN, and Rebecca, from Wales; and by profession of faith and baptism,
John WILD, Thomas WILD, James JAMES, Sarah JAMES, Jaen (Shuan) MORGAN,
Samuel WILD, Mary NICHOLAS, Richard BOEN (Bowen), David THOMAS, Mary
BENTLY and Jaen EDWARDS.

In 1709 were added by lettter from Pembrokeshire: Samuel JOHN,
minister, John and Mary DEVONALLT, Lewis PHILIP, Catherine EDWARD. From
East Jersey: Philip TRUAX, Elizabeth TILTON. By letter from Pennepek:
David MILES Aand Alce MILES. (Philip Truax “dismembers” Jan. 6, 1721.
Neglecting to come to church meeting for several years, neglecting his
business to the hurt of his family and creditirs and others.)

During the next few years numerous accessions were made, both
by members from the churches in Wales and by conversions. In 1736 a
portion of this church went to South Carolina, and founded a church
there, on the banks of the Pedee River, in a portion of the country now
bearing the name Welsh Neck. In 1746 the present church was built on a
lot containing six acres, four of which were given by James JAMES, and
the other two purchased from Abraham EMMET. The edifice is a neat brick
building, thirty feet square. At various times, portions of the
congregation separated themselves from the main church for the purpose
of organizing other bands of worshippers. It is the mother church
whence sprung the Pedee above mentioned, London Tract, Duck Creek,
Wilmington, Cowmarsh and Mispillion Churches, concerning which
information will be found elsewhere. “Welsh Tract Church was the
principal, if not the sole means of introducing singing, imposition of
hands, ruling elders and church covenants in the Middle States.” An act
of Assembly was passed February 8, 1783, enabling religious
denominations to be incorporated. On the 9th day of February, of the
following year, this church was incorporated with Abel DAVIS, Robert
SHIELDS, Ebenezer MORTON, Andrew MORTON and Francis GATTIER as trustees
of the Welsh Tract Baptist Church and Congregation, at the foot of Iron
Hill. The church has steadily increased since its organization, and
regular services have been held nearly the entire time. The church is
at present in a prosperous condition. The following pastors have
labored here since its organization.

Rev. Thomas GRIFFITH the first pastor, was born in 1645 in
parish of Lanvernach and county of Pembroke. He was one of the
constituents of the church at its organization, and arrived at
Philadelphia with his church September 8, 1701. He died at Pennepek and
was there interred July 25, 1725.

Rev. Elisha THOMAS was the successor of Rev. Griffith. He was
born in Carmarthen County in 1674, and came to Philadelphia with the
church in 1701. He died November 7, 1730.

Rev. Enoch MORGAN succeeded Rev. Thomas. He was born at
Allt-goch, in the county of Caerdigan, Wales, in 1676, and was also one
of the constituents of this church. He died March 25, 1740.

After the decease of Rev. Morgan the Rev. Owen THOMAS took
charge of the church. He was born in 1676 at Gwrgodllys, in the county
of Pembroke, and came to America in 1707. He filled the pulpit here
till May 27, 1748, when he resigned, and moved to Yellow Springs, where
he died November 12, 1760.

Rev. David DAVIS was the next pastor. He was born in the
parish of Whitechurch and county of Pembroke in 1708. In 1710 came with
his parents to America; was baptized in 1725, and ordained in 1734,
when he became pastor of the church. He continued his pastorate until
his death, August 19, 1769.

Rev. Mr. Davis’ successor was Rev. John SUTTON, who labored
from November 3, 1770, until 1777, when he resigned, for the purpose of
going to Virginia.

Rev. John BOGGS was born in East Nottingham, April 9, 1714,
and was brought up as a Presbyterian. In 1771 he became a Baptist, and
at his ordination December 5, 1781, he took charge of this church, and
died there in 1802.

The Rev. Gideon FARREL was born in Talbot County, Md., in
1763, of Quaker parents, but was baptized in 1770 by Rev. Philip
HUGHES. He was ordained to the ministry at Churchill in 1779. He
assisted the Rev. John Boggs as pastor of the church for several years
before his death, and became his successor, and continued until his
death, in 1820 or 1821. His successors were as follows: Rev. Stephen W.
WOOLFORD, from 1822 to 1830; Rev. Samuel TROTT, 1831 to 1832; Rev.
William K. ROBINSON, from 1833 to 1836, and possibly later; Rev. Thomas
BARTON, 1839 until his death in 1869 or 1870 (he had spent forty-five
years of his ministerial life as pastor of three of the churches in the
bounds of the Delaware Association; Rev. G.W. STATON, 1871 to 1872;
Rev. William GRAFTON was pastor in 1879. He was succeeded by Rev.
Joseph L. STATON, the present minister.

The Pencader Presbyterian Church.— The Presbyterians of the
Welsh Tract were constituted a church as early as 1710. Rev. David
EVANS, son of David Evans, one of the grantees of the Welsh Tract, was
the first pastor. He was licensed in 1711 and ministered to the church
for a short time and then took a course at Yale College and was
graduated in 1713. He returned to this congregation and was ordained
and installed on November 3, 1714. He served the church as pastor until
1720, and then went to Pennsylvania and New Jersey. He continued
preaching until his death in 1751. He was succeeded by Rev. Thomas
EVANS, a relative and native of Wales, who filled the pulpit until
1743. According to tradition, he opened an academy here which he
conducted until his death in 1743. On November 2, 1742, Margaret
WILLIAMS, widow, of Roger WILLIAMS, of Pencader Hundred, conveyed to
David HOWEL, Thomas THOMAS, Joseph THOMAS, Thomas JAMES, Simon JAMES,
Nathaniel EVANS and Nathaniel WILLIAMS, all of Pencader, a lot of
ground containing one acre and thirty-eight perches, on the road from
New Castle to Head of Elk. This was part of a larger tract granted to
Roger WILLIAMS by William DAVIS and David EVANS.

It was given for the purpose of allowing “full and peaceable
liberty to the Presbyterian congregation belonging to the meeting-house
that is builded upon the above sd tract of land . . . for the true
worship of God in the sd place according to the presbyterian Rule,
Discipline and Doctrine . . . and will be submissive to the rules and
direction of the Presbytery of New Castle and the Synod of
Philadelphia.” Rev. Timothy Griffith, the successor of Rev. Mr. EVANS,
filled the pulpit from 1743 until death put an end to his labors in
1754. For the following twelve years the church had no regular pastor.
From 1767 to 1773 the pulpit was filled by Rev. Alexander McDOWELL at
that time principal of Newark Academy (later the University of
Delaware.) The following ministers have been stationed here since that
period: Rev. Samuel EAKIN from 1776 to 1783; Rev. Thomas SMITH from
1783 to 1801; Rev. John BURTON from 1801 to 1808; Rev. Samuel BELL from
1808 to 1833; Rev. Hugh HAMILL from 1833 to 1837; Rev. James McINTIRE
from 1837 to 1849; Rev. Horatio S. HOWELL from 1849 to 1852; Rev. J.B.
JERVIS from 1852 to 1857; Rev. George FOOT from 1857 to 1866; Rev.
Edward WEBB from 1866 to 1871; Rev. Jason ROGERS from 1871 to 1879;
Rev. George RODGERS from 1880 to 1882; Rev. T. ANDERSON, the present
pastor, began his labors here in 1882. The present church is a
two-story brick building, sixty by one hundred feet, situated in the
village of Glasgow. It was erected in 1852 at a cost of five thousand
dollars. The church is in a prosperous condition and has a membership
of ninety. The present officers are: Elder, D.B. FERRIS; Trustees,
Samuel ALRICHS, W.T. SKINNER, M.D; F. JANVIER, J.W. COOCH, John
McIINTIRE, Robert McCANN.

The First Methodist Episcopal Church at Glasgow was a brick
building erected in 1832 and dedicated in 1833. Rev. Mathew SORIN
conducted the services. The membership at that time numbered thirteen,
of whom Isaiah STANTON, Joseph ROOP and Abraham EVES were the first
officers. In 1857 the brick church was torn down and a sandstone one
built at a cost of three thousand two hundred dollars. This building
was dedicated by Rev. Mr. HICKMAN, of New Jersey. In 1884 the present
edifice was erected at a cost of two thousand five hundred dollars. It
is a two-story frame building and was dedicated in October, 1884, by
Rev. Andrew MANSHIP. The number of members at the time of the erection
of the church building was thirty, but recent additions have increased
the number to seventy-five communicants. The following is a list of the
pastors who have ministered here:

Revs. Jno. D. OWENS A. REED, John D. CURTIS, William RIDER,
William THOMAS, John W. PIERSON, William FOLKS, Thomas MILLER, Stephen
TOWNSEND, John GRINERD, Samuel GRACE, Thomas TIBLES, John LEDNUM,
Robert McNAMEE, William BRISBANE, J. McCARTER, James B. AYRES, Alfred
COOKMAN, J. JONES, J.B. McCULLOUGH, George BRINDELL, T. Snowden THOMAS,
John THOMPSON, Thomas SIMPSON, John POWERS, J. COOK, Samuel PANCOAST,
Alfred SCOTT, David McKEE, John THUSTING, John E. CESLER, Robert TODD,
Joseph DAVE, Joseph BROWN, S.R. GILLINGHAM, W.T. TULL, Francis HARVEY,
George SHAFER, John B. DENISON, John HOOFMAN, James LANDRETH, H.
SANDERSON, A.J. CROZIER, J.E. KIDNEY, H.P. BODINE, E.E. WHITE, L.E.
BARRETT, D.T. WADELL, L.W. LAYFIELD, H.H. COLCLAZER, E.C. ATKINS, J.T.
VANBURKLOW, and Asbury BURKE. Trustees; Adam DAYETT, John H. THORNTON,
Thomas LINDELL, Wilson MAHAN, W.T. DAYETT, George SHELDON, Jno. R.
DAVIDSON. Class-Leaders, W.T. DAYETT, Wilson MAHAN, Jno. H. THORTON.

Summit Methodist Episcopal Church.— Previous to 1876 the
Methodists in the southern portion of this hundred held services in
Boulden’s Church, in St. George’s Hundred. This was originally erected
for the use of the Baptists, and it was through their kindness that
other denominations were allowed to worship there. During 1874 and 1875
the building was in need of repair, and the Methodists endeavored to
purchase it, with the intention of remodeling it. Their offer was
refused and this led to the erection of the present edifice. The
corner-stone was laid August 18, 1876, with appropriate ceremonies
conducted by Bishop SCOTT. The building was completed in 1876, and
dedication services were conducted in the morning by Bishop Scott, in
the afternoon by Rev. George R. BRISTON, and in the evening by Rev. J.
H. CALDWELL. It is a one-story frame building, sixty by thirty feet,
with a capacity for seating four hundred persons and was erected at a
cost of $5000. The membership at the erection of the church was one
hundred, and is now sixty. Services are held every Sunday afternoon.

The following ministers have officiated since the organization
of the church in 1867: Revs. Wm. B. WALTON, H.S. THOMPSON, T.S.
WILLIAMS, C.F. SHEPPERD, George R. BRISTOR, L.C. MATLACK, John FRANCE,
J. Owen SYPHERD, George R. PHOEBUS, F.J. COCHRAN, L.W. LAYFIELD.

The officers of the church are as follows: Class-Leaders, T.W.
McCracken and J.F. Kane; Trustees, T.W. McCracken, Wm. Cleaver, P.B.
Alrichs, L. Catts and J.F. Kane.

The Sunday-school in connection with the church is under the superintendence of Mr. S.T. Davis.

MANUFACTORIES.— On October 25, 1701, William JAMES obtained a
warrant for a tract of land containing 1300 acres, which were surveyed
June 3, 1702. This land was purchased from the proprietors of the Welsh
Tract and was part of the 30,000 acres of land granted to DAVIS, EVANS
and WILLIS. In 1707 execution was issued on a judgment against William
JAMES, and two hundred acres, on which had been erected in the interval
since his purchase a grist and saw-mill, were seized and sold at public
sale. Howel JAMES, Sr., was the purchaser. He, by his will bearing date
August 17, 1717, devised this tract to his son, Philip JAMES. The mills
were managed by Philip JAMES, and on the 2d of December, 1725, he
desired P I to be recorded as his brand mark. On May 10, 1737, he sold
the mills and premises to John JONES, of Philadelphia, who four days
afterwards conveyed them to Joseph BROWN. Brown successfully operated
the mills until the 20th of January, 1746, when he sold to Thomas
COOCH, a native of England.

He made application to the February term of court in 1770 to
have some land viewed and condemned for use of a grist-mill. The
freeholders made a view and condemned six acres adjoining land on which
Thomas COOCH’s “present mill stands.” In his application he states that
the water, corn or grist-mill now wants rebuilding or altering and
needs more water-rights.

The mills were operated until September, 1776, at which time
they were burned by the British. In 1791 this property came into the
hands of his grandson, William COOCH, and the following year a new
grist-mill was erected by him. This mill was managed by William Cooch
until his decease in 1838, when the property was inherited by his son,
William COOCH, JR. In this year a new location was selected and the
present mill erected at a short distance from the old mill, which is
still standing, but no longer used. In 1870 the mill tract became
vested in the heirs of Levi G. COOCH, and in the following year they
conveyed it to J. WILKINS and William COOCH. They are the present
owners and proprietors, and trade under the style of COOCH BROS. The
mill is a five-story brick building, fifty feet square. It is situated
on the Christiana Creek and is run generally by waterpower. In 1884 the
building was remodeled and refitted with machinery. A boiler and engine
were attached to be used when the water supply is insufficient. It is
now a full roller-mill with a capacity of seventy-five barrels per day.
Four men are required to operate it. Some of the flour is sold in this
neighborhood, but the larger part is shipped to Wilmington and other
points.

On the 18th of May, 1760, Hugh MULDRACH sold to Alexander
PORTER a tract of land in Pencader. At this time there was no mention
of a mill on this tract. Alexander PORTER, by his will bearing date
December 15, 1769, devised this land to his two sons, David and Samuel,
as well as a grist-mill thereon erected. The mill and eighty-two acres
of land were sold by them, May 31, 1781, to Hugh BOLTON, and Jacob
WIRT, Jr. On July 31, 1789, BOLTON purchased the half-part belonging to
Jacob WIRT, Jr., and became sole owner. He, by his deed dated June 9th,
sold this property to Morgan JONES and Robert SHIELDS. After the death
of Shields his undivided one-half part was sold by his executors,
August 28, 1793, to Isaac HERSEY, who conveyed the same to Morgan
JONES, September 11, 1794. In 1799, Samuel ECCLES purchased this
property, and it continued in his possession until March 21, 1834, when
it came into the possession of Joseph S. GILBERT, who, April 11th of
the same year, sold it to Jonathan SHAKESPEARE. On March 11th of the
following year Shakespeare sold to Jesse GILBERT, who retained
possession until April 2, 1845, when he sold to William McNAMEE. He was
the owner until his death, and then it vested in his heirs, who
conveyed it to Adam DAYETT, the present owner, March 24, 1853. The
building was remodeled in 1880, and again in 1886, at which time it was
refitted with full roller machinery. The mill at present is a frame
building, twenty-eight by fifty-four feet, and two and a half stories
high. Three men are required to operate it. The capacity is thirty-six
barrels of flour per day. Most of the flour and feed manufactured by
this mill is consumed in the immediate vicinity. There is a cider-mill
in connection with the grist-mill with a capacity of forty barrels per
day. On the assessment list of 1823 mention is made of a nail-factory
on James SNOW’s estate. When the factory was built, what its capacity
was and how long it was managed have not been learned. Jacob CASHO, of
Newark, remembers fishing in the pool above the factory when a boy. The
nail-factory has not been in use for the past sixty years.

The first authentic information obtained in regard to BATTEN’s
Mills is contained in a deed from John JANVIER to William B. and George
McCRONE, dated March 5, 1839. In the recital of the title of the tract
of land containing one hundred and twenty-nine and a half acres, with a
grist-mill and a saw-mill thereon, it is mentioned as the same premises
and mills that were conveyed by Kensey JOHNS to John and Thomas
JANVIER, April 5, 1812, and that afterwards Thomas JANVIER conveyed his
portion to John Janvier. These latter conveyances are not recorded. On
the assessment roll of 1798, John PORTER is mentioned as the owner of a
mill. On the measures used in the mill is the brand-mark J.P., and as
Kensey JOHNS purchased land of John PORTER in 1799, it is fair to
conclude that the mills were one and the same. The mills were next
owned respectively by James A. KENDAL, Edward TATNALL and William KYLE,
the present owner. The mills derived their name from the BATTEN family,
who have operated them for many years. The saw-mill was torn down in
1865. The grist-mill is a two-story building, fifty by twenty-five
feet. The grinding is all done by stones and no flour is manufactured.

SAW-MILL.— A saw-mill was built on the Christiana Creek by
William McCONAUGHEY in 1841. The mill is a frame building, eighteen by
ninety feet, with a capacity of two thousand feet per day. For many
years it was a merchant mill, and shipped large quantities of lumber.
Eight men were employed in operating it. During the past five years
timber has become scarce in this neighborhood, and the mill has only
been used for custom-work. Mr. McConaughey is yet the owner.

The Delaware Wagon-Works are located at Summit Bridge, and
were opened in 1868 by A.P. CARNAGY, the present owner. In addition to
the manufacture of wagons, farming implements are also made and
repaired. Four men are employed, and the capacity is a wagon per day,
and from five thousand to seven thousand dollars’ worth of agricultural
implements per year. The products of the manufactory are disposed of in
the vicinity.

ORE-PITS.— The finding of iron ore on Iron Hill undoubtedly
attracted the early settlers to this neighborhood. The ore was mined in
small quantities at a very early date, and quite extensively from 1725
to 1734, during which time the Abbington Iron-Works were managed. After
the discontinuation of the ironworks the ore-pits came into the
possession of Abel DAVIS, who, by his will, bearing date April 13,
1780, devised them to his heirs. In the course of descent they passed
into the hands of Isaac DAVIS, who sold a tract of land on Iron Hill,
containing ninety-four acres and embracing the pits. to David C. WOOD,
an iron-master of Philadelphia, October 28, 1841. They were worked by
him for a number of years. In 1862, George P. WHITTAKER, the owner of
Principio Furnace, became the possessor of this land. The ore was mined
by him until December 25, 1884, since which time nothing has been done.
Employment was given to about twenty men in mining and washing the ore,
which was then shipped to Principio Furnace, Maryland. The property is
part of the Geo. P. WHITTAKER estate, and contains an abundance of ore.

VILLAGES.— Glasgow is a small hamlet situated near the centre
of Pencader Hundred. It was formerly known as Aikentown, being
so-called after Mathew AIKEN, who, June 14, 1791, purchased from James
STEWART a large brick house, store house and lot of ground at this
place and kept a hotel. In 1801 a feeder for the Delaware and
Chesapeake Canal was commenced near this village, but discontinued two
years later. The village has no railroad communications and has
increased slowly. At present (1888) there are two churches, a
school-house, a post-office, two stores, kept respectively by George
BOULDEN and Samuel ALRICHS, a hotel, a blacksmith and wheelwright-shop,
and about twenty-five residences.

Kirkwood is a small village in the southeastern part of this
hundred. A portion of the hamlet also lies in Red Lion Hundred. It was
originally called Kemp’s Corner and afterwards St. George’s Station.
This name was changed in 1862 and the present one given in honor of
Colonel Robert KIRKWOOD. At present there are here a passenger and
freight depot of the Delaware Railroad; three stores, kept respectively
by J.A. BENSON, R.T. CANN and W.C. CARNAGY, a hotel, a school-house, a
blacksmith and wheelwright-shop, and about fifteen dwellings.

Summit Bridge is situated in this hundred south of the
Delaware and Chesapeake Canal. It is near the boundary lines of Red
Lion, St. George’s and Pencader Hundreds. The village was so called
because of its proximity to the canal above mentioned, over which was
constructed a very high bridge on the road leading to this place from
Kirkwood. It contains a church, a post-office, the Delaware Wagon
Works, two blacksmith-shops, a hotel, three stores, the proprietors of
which are A.P. ALRICHS and Harry SALMON, and about fifteen residences.

There are several hamlets in the hundred, at which there are
post-offices and one or two dwellings, viz.: COOCH’s Bridge and
PORTER’s Station. The former is on land owned by the Cooch family. The
latter is on land purchased from Thomas Porter and also contains a
store managed by BROWN & Brother.

HOTELS.— The earliest hotel in this hundred concerning which
any information has been ascertained is the one located at Glasgow. On
June 14, 1791, James STEWART sold to Mathew AIKEN a large brick house,
a store-house and lot of ground known as Aiken Tavern, located on the
east side of the road leading from Newark to Middletown. This lot
adjoined the tract of land occupied by the Pencader Presbyterian
Church. On May 22, 1797, a license was granted to Daniel COOKE to keep
an inn, but whether he managed this hotel is not positively known. At a
later period the hotel was torn down, and a new one erected on the
other side of the road, nearly opposite the former site. This hotel has
been owned and conducted by _____Murray, James BATES, James BATES, JR.,
John LEMON and William H. GUTHRIE, the present proprietor, who
purchased it in 1867.

The hotel at Kirkwood was opened in 1861 by J.A. BENSON, by
whom a license was procured in May of that year. He was succeeded
respectively by William B. FORD, Charles SHEARS, Frank RICHARDS and
William E. SMITH, the present proprietor. A livery stable is connected
with the hotel.

The old Buck Tavern was situated in St. George’s Hundred, on
the upper King’s Road. In 1797 Jacob GLINN was the proprietor. Previous
to this the hotel was under the management of Dr. James Snow PATTY for
several years. The hotel was known at a very early date. The present
hotel was built some years since. The present proprietor is Frederick
HAGMEYER. This hotel is situated in Red Lion Hundred.